Macbeth Microtheme free essay sample

A smile could mean a real smile, though it could also mean anger, revenge, or deceit. â€Å"And nothing is what is not. † (1. 3. 155). This line being said by Macbeth, shows what’s underneath his layer of faithfulness: he starts to believe that the right thing to do is kill Duncan. It said after the witches gave the prophecy that Macbeth will become king and after Macbeth is announced Thane of Cawdor, showing that the prophecy may very well be true. Macbeth is expressing that he is confused about what to do – something that may seem right to him, will not seem right to the people around him. Macbeth seems like a very faithful man; he fought for Duncan, the king, and really cares about his friends and his country. Along with his confusion about his moral reasoning, he also expresses his shock for seeing the supernatural (evidently, witches aren’t a normal spotting). We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Microtheme or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Look like th’ innocent flower / but be the serpent under ‘t. †(1. 6. 76-77). Said by Lady Macbeth, this quote compares the difference of physical animals to the deceitful personality she wants Macbeth to persevere. A flower is innocent, attractive, and sometimes bland – unlike the look of a murderer. A serpent is cruel, dangerous, and sneaky: the exact qualities a murderer needs to do his deed without getting caught. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth’s personality tilts closer to the flower, while nearing the end, it clearly shows the other end of the scale (a serpent). The supernatural doesn’t appear in random situations; it always has a purpose. â€Å"Is this a dagger which I see before me? † (2. 1. 44). It is unclear whether it was a sign of the supernatural or a hallucination his feverish mind had made. But whether it was supernatural or not, it meant something. If it were his mind’s creation, it may have been a sign of his guilt and that it was just as easy to take his own life, as he had taken Duncan’s. If it were the supernatural, it may have been a sign that his troubles are not yet ending, and that he will use that dagger yet again later on, unfortunately, killing his friends and the people closest to him. Reality is, there was no dagger because when he reached out to grab it, his hand went right through it. False face must hide what the false heart doth know. (1. 7. 95) Macbeth starts to realize that what he has done isn’t all bad, and that since it’s done with, the time has come to hide the reality of it all. The quote literally means ‘You will act like nothing has happened and nothing is wrong. ’ Macbeth started out as a simple, faithful person; not having anything to hide until the witches told him about the prophecy and his wife told him to kill Duncan – which he did. Lady Macbeth on the other hand, seems very cruel at the beginning, but towards the end, we see how she’s become weak because of her sleep-walking and that she is racked with guilt. â€Å"The world is governed more by appearances than realities, so that it is fully as necessary to seem to know something as to know it. † – Daniel Webster. This quote perfectly explains that hiding our reality is human nature. Everyone errs and lies, no matter how great or small – including all the main characters in Macbeth. Without a false reality, there would be no such thing as deciet.

Transformational Leadership at Virgin Group

Transformational Leadership at Virgin Group Introduction Leadership is an important aspect of an organisation that will always have a direct impact on the success in achieving its objectives. The world is very competitive and for firms to manage this competition there is a need to have a leadership structure that is conscious of the dynamic factors of the environment. It is through proper leadership that a firm can embrace the changing environmental factors and is able to meet the changing market demands.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership at Virgin Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firms that are successful in the market today owe their success to adequate leadership. Richard Branson is one of the leaders in the contemporary world that has come out strongly as a transformational leader with the capacity to inspire the employees to achieve the best results. The Virgin Group of companies under the Virgin Foundation is one of the la rgest companies in the world. According to Fey (2012, p. 72), this company has grown from a small firm that was selling articles to a college, to a multinational company trading in various countries around the world. This firm has been able to venture into various industries with a lot of success. This is attributed to the leadership style of Richard Branson and his team of management. Sir Richard Branson has worked closely with his team of employees to ensure that this firm increases its scope of market and its profitability. The Virgin Group is one of the best brands in the world. According to Cutcher (2007, p. 241), Virgin Group has been used in many case studies as a success story around the world. It is one of the firms that have experienced consistent rise, from a small firm that did not get attention of members of the society, to a large firm that plays a very important role in boosting the economy of the United Kingdom. The success of this firm, as Budhwar (2006, p. 510) say s, is attributed to the management style that the leader applies in managing operations of the business. This research will focus on how transformational leadership is used in Virgin Group and how it has helped the firm to become successful in the market. Management Style Used by Richard Branson Sir Richard Branson is a strong supporter of individualized attention to every employee. According to Baruch (2008, p. 430), transformational leadership encourages the approach of management where the manager gives direct attention to each employee within the firm. This means that the manager would avoid cases where a decision is made on a generalised term. Every employee has unique qualities that make him or her different from others. This uniqueness of the individuals makes it necessary for the management to ensure that every employee is understood perfectly within the organisation. All the employees of this firm who are in the managerial positions have at one moment or another met Richard Branson in person (Guesa 2010, p. 510). In such meetings, he would engage the employee in a dialogue with the sole purpose of gathering any information that may be relevant in understanding that person.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He would then ensure that such an individual is given attention based on his or her unique characters. This is what he would insist should be transferred to all the junior employees whom he cannot reach directly. This is part of total quality management technique used by this management. The diagram below explains this. Figure 1: Total Quality Management Used at Virgin Group Source: Baruch (2008, p. 430) Transformational Leadership in Organisations Pielstick (2005, p. 75) defines leadership as a process where an individual (a leader) offers guidance to a group of individuals (followers) in an organisational structure. Leadership is one of the most important factors in any organisation. Leadership and management share a number of attributes, but they differ in various fronts. Transformational leadership is defined by Yukl (2010, p. 117) as a type of leadership that uses motivation to enhance the performance of employees. Transformational leadership, as the name suggests, provides a completely new path to approaching various issues in an organisation. It provides the employees with an insight. One of the main aims of a transformational leader is to create a completely new approach in managing various issues within the organisation. This is what the current world demands of a firm. Emerging technologies are changing various approaches of management. The emerging trends need new approaches that can be used to provide a way in which they can be managed differently. This is what the management of the Virgin Group has been practising.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadersh ip at Virgin Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transformational leadership attempts to make employees discover themselves. According to Hacker and Tammy (2004, p. 46), a transformational leader will always make followers realise that they have untapped capacity which they can exploit to get better results in every activity they are doing. Unlike management, leadership takes the front line in bringing a change that is needed. It involves making the followers realise that they are a part of the change. It makes employees own the whole process. They feel that some changes that are proposed are a part of them and are meant to make their work easier. This way, they develop the responsibility to ensure that these changes are accomplished successfully and within the specified time. Such leadership will evoke desires on the followers to see to it that specific desires are achieved within the specified time. It is an art of tying the objectives of a firm to those of employees. Nature and Relevance of Transformational Leadership in Organisations Transformational leadership has some characteristics that make it unique among other forms of leadership. Transformational leadership cherishes authenticity. It encourages followers to act as natural as possible. People who act naturally always tend to give their best. Passion is another major characteristic of transformational leadership. Transformational leaders must be passionate about every action they take. This way, it becomes possible for the followers to take this characteristic from the leaders. Followers will develop passion when they realise that their leader has passion in his or her actions. Transformational leadership should also embrace creativity. Creativity is crucial in the contemporary world. Leaders must be able to solve problems in a creative manner (Pardey 2007, p. 78). They have to encourage the culture of creativity in their employees. This way, their organis ation will be able to be creative in the market. Richard Branson has always cherished these factors in his leadership. Transformational leaders always have self-awareness. They understand what they stand for and are able to express this feeling to the followers. This way, it would be easy to avoid cases where a leader issues instruction which he or she can change abruptly without a clear explanation for the same. Transformational leaders always have interpersonal intelligence. This is important to help bring people of different social backgrounds together. Organisation brings together individuals from different backgrounds. It would require interpersonal intelligence to make these people reason in the same line and work as a unit towards achieving specific objectives.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In managing organisations today, Conger (2006, p. 39) says that integrity is also of utmost importance. A transformational leader always has integrity. It is important to note that transformational leadership aims at bringing a completely new approach of doing various activities in a better way. Integrity will be one of the main ingredients in that leadership. It will be possible to tell others to maintain integrity only if the leaders show the same in their actions. A transformational leader must also develop clarity of purpose. The leader must be sure of what he or she wants from the followers and from the leaders. According to Biswas (2011, p. 27), having a clear sense of purpose on what one does makes it possible to measure the level of success of an individual. This way, it becomes easy for such a leader to determine the rate at which objectives of the firm are being achieved. Finally, such a leader always has global awareness of various factors in the environment. When the lea der is managing a large multinational organisation, understanding factors in the immediate environment may not make one formulate policies that can benefit all the branches of the firm. Such a leader must have global awareness of various environmental factors in order to transform employees and the firm in general towards desired direction. Besides the above characteristics, transformational leadership has four main elements that help in making it unique in the market. The four are discussed below. Evaluation of the Behaviour of Leaders in the Selected Organisation Richard Branson has demonstrated capacity of a leader in his Virgin Foundation. Being a brilliant entrepreneur, Branson has managed to grow the Virgin Empire to capture various industries around the world. He has demonstrated leadership capacity that is beyond reproach. According to Bustin (2004, p. 67), Branson believes that the strength of the firm is bestowed in the employees. He has therefore maintained a cordial rela tionship with the employees, always making them feel that they are appreciated within the organisation. One of the most important cultures he has developed within the organisation is trust in peers. Employees spend much of their time with fellow employees. They interact with their peers when doing different activities geared towards achieving specific goals for the firm. Employees should therefore develop positive attitude towards their peers in order to ensure that the internal working environment is peaceful. They should share innovative ideas amongst themselves and develop a working environment where each team member is a protector of others. Trust in peers refers to the extent to which workers in similar job positions would be willing to cooperate amongst themselves to accomplish certain tasks. In the organisation, it is understood that peers interact with their workmates as far as accomplishment of tasks is concerned. An employee would be tempted to work hard after realising th at his colleague is committed to realising certain goals (Kouzes Posner 2006, p. 56). For instance, peers choose certain models of performance once they notice that they have similar objectives. Trust in peers therefore refers to choosing appropriate models meant for achieving high results. This has helped Branson build a very strong Virgin Atlantic Empire. Branson has also been keen on encouraging participation at work amongst all the employees. The workplace requires participation of all members of the organisation. Employees should develop an attitude of collective participation at work. Branson has ensured that all cases of individualism are eliminated, and its place is a team spirit (Northouse 2010, p. 67). All the members of the organisation have been made to realise that they have a responsibility to participate in every activity that the organisation undertakes. To achieve this, Branson has ensured that there is clear separation of duties among various groups within the org anisation. Division of labor is important because it creates a sense of responsibility (Pielstick 2005, p. 120). Employees will feel that they have a role specifically meant for them. They will realise that their failure to achieve the goals set for them would lead to a loss for the entire firm. Employees would feel guilty of carrying the blame for a possible failure of the entire firm. They will make an effort to accomplish their tasks to avoid blame coming from their side. Richard Branson has been keen on guiding the behaviour of individuals, groups and teams within this organisation. According to a report by Conger (2006, p. 59), Branson has been keen on determining the behaviour of every single employee and team within the organisation. This scholar says that there is always a need to shape the behaviour of employees in order to ensure that they act within the expectations of the leader. To achieve this, Branson has created an organisational culture that is unique to this firm. Creating an organisational culture within the firm helps ensure that the behaviour of individuals or teams formed within the organisation can be predicted by the leader (Burns 2009, p. 113). A leader should be not be caught unaware by an action of an individual follower or a group of them because the leader is always expected to be on top of every situation within the organisation. Being able to predict the behaviour of the employees or teams gives the manager an upper hand in control it as would be desirable. At Virgin Group, Branson has been very keen on ensuring that employees embrace change. According to Rollinson (2005, p. 89), Branson is one of the contemporary managers who cherish change within their organisation. He has been keen on influencing employees’ readiness for change by making change part of the organisational culture of this company. The Impact of the Leadership Style on the Performance of the Firm The impact of the leadership style used by Richard Branson i n the Virgin Group is evident in the performance of this firm. According to Artur (2008, p. 680), the Virgin Group is one of the best performing firms globally. The group defied the massive economic recession that hit the United Kingdom and the rest of the world to register a growth (Jensen 2011, p.671). The firm is considered as one of the few firms with capacity to run in various industries with a considerable level of success. This may be attributed to the transformational leadership approach that Branson has employed in managing his employees. In order to understand the impact of this leadership style, SWOT analysis will be necessary to analyse its strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities it poses and some of the threats. According to Barney (2010 p. 99), transformational leadership is one of the best leadership theories that managers in the contemporary world should consider employing. One of the main strengths of this leadership structure is that it inspires employees to wo rk beyond their current capacity. The business world is increasingly getting competitive. There are various competitive forces in the market, which is always a threat to a firm that does not consider coming up with the strategies to manage them. Managing competitive forces would need a team of dedicated employees who have the capacity to meet the demands of the customers however dynamic they are (Marchington 2012, p. 285). The Virgin Group is one of the success stories in the transport industry. The Virgin Air is one of the biggest airplane firms in the world, capturing the markets in Europe, in North and South America, Asia and Africa among other continents. In the financial sector, this firm has been performing well given the strategy that it has employed in dealing with the customers. All these are because of the leadership structure applied by the top management unit of this firm. This leadership structure poses some opportunities for the prosperity of this firm in the market. I n this firm, Biswas (2011, p. 105) says, Branson has created an environment where every employee feels aggressive and determined to achieve better results each time. Branson has created an organisational culture where employees feel obliged to work even for extra time in order to reach for a specific target. Although the extra time worked would always be paid, the employees always have a stronger desire to see success in whatever they are doing, than to earn the extra income. They consider their work as of utmost importance, and thus would give it all the concentration that they possibly can (Pielstick 2005, p. 104). The result of this concerted effort is clearly evident in the kind of growth this firm has achieved. Employees of this firm remain the stronghold that has seen it through to its current glorious position. With Richard Branson still at the head of this firm, Virgin Group is destined to greater heights as the future is very bright. It is important to appreciate that this leadership theory has some weaknesses. One of the main weaknesses is that it assumes that every single employee would respond positively to the motivational factors directed to him or her. For this reason, this leadership strategy should be used alongside other theories as identified in the appendix shown below. Employees must realise that they are responsible for their acts of omission or commission, and that they are expected to deliver on their assignments. Similarly, this leadership strategy is prone to some threats in the environment. The theory emphasises the need to give employees some form of freedom within the firm, and that the information should always flow smoothly from the top office to the junior employees. However, some employees can be moles of competing firms. Giving them this freedom and allowing information to flow freely will be like allowing the competitors to have an easy way of accessing classified information about the firm. This may make it vulnerable to its competitors. Conclusion and Recommendations It is apparent from the above discussion that transformational leadership is very important in the current society in helping firms manage the market forces. The Virgin Group has been successful in the market because its management has embraced transformational leadership. This management has come to appreciate the power of having a team of motivated employees. For this reason, it has always focused on ensuring that employees remain motivated while working for this firm. The management has ensured that these employees are made to feel that they own Virgin Group rather than being employees of this firm. It is only through this that firms in the current competitive market can be successful. The management should be conscious of various forces in the environment which have a direct impact on the firm. These factors should be managed properly in order to ensure that they do not have negative consequences for the firm. In order to realise this , the following recommendations should be observed. The management should always ensure that its employees remain positively motivated within the firm. The leadership of the firm should always try to ensure that it embraces dynamism in line with the changing environmental factors. There should be a clear communication system within the organisation between the management and junior officers, among the employees and within the management. Every member of the organisation should understand his or her role within the firm and how this role is related to the role of other members of the firm. Appendix House’s Path Goal Theory According to Rollinson (2005, p. 79), â€Å"This theory has its basis on the premise that employees’ perception of expectancies between his effort and performance is heavily influenced by leader’s behavior.† According to this theory, four leadership styles are important in ensuring success within an organisation. The four include dire ctive nature of the leader, supportive leadership, participative leadership and result-oriented leadership. These behavioural leadership characteristics will influence employee behavioor and manage environmental factors in order to achieve leadership effectiveness. List of References Artur, J 2008, Effects of human resource systems on manufacturing performance and turnover, The academy of management journal, vol. 37, no. 3, p. 670-687. Barney, J 2010, Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of management, vol. 17, no.1, pp. 99. Baruch, Y 2008, Response rate in academic studies-A comparative analysis, Human relations, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 421-438. Biswas, S 2011, Commitment, involvement, and satisfaction as predictors of employee performance, South Asian Journal of Management, vol. 18 no. 2, pp. 92-107. Budhwar, P 2006, Rethinking comparative and cross-national human resource management research, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 497-515. Burns, J 2009, Leadership in the Contemporary World, Harper Row, New York. Bustin, G 2004, Take Charge: How Leaders Profit From Change, Tapestry Press, Irving. Conger, J 2006, The Practice of Leadership: Developing the Next Generation of Leaders, Wiley, New York. Cutcher, G 2007, Impact on Economic Performance of a Transformation in Workplace Relations, Management Journal, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 241. Fey, C 2012, The effect of human resource management practices on MNC subsidiary performance in Russia, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 59-75. Guesa, E 2010, Human resource management and industrial relations, Journal of management Studies, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 503-521. Hacker, S Tammy, R 2004, Transformational Leadership: Creating Organization of Meaning. Milwaukee, Quality Press, Wisconsin. Jensen, T 2011, The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance, Academy of management j ournal, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 635-672. Kouzes, J Posner, B 2006, The Leadership Challenge, Jossey-Bass, San Fransico. Marchington, M 2012, Involvement and participation, Human Resource Management: A Critical Text, vol. 7, no. 67, pp. 280-305. Northouse, P 2010, Leadership: Theory and Practice, Sage, New York. Pardey, D 2007, Introducing leadership, Butterworth-Heinemann, New Jersey. Pielstick, D 2005, The Transforming Leader, a Meta-Ethnographic Analysis, The Community College Review, vol. 4 no. 3, pp. 65-138. Rollinson, D 2005, Organisational Behaviour and Analysis: An Integrated Approach, Pitman, London. Yukl, G 2010, Leadership in Organisations, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

Public sector and management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Public sector and management accounting - Essay Example Most accounting standards organisations set standards for the running of companies. This is because such companies are in the majority in most nations. And such companies have stakeholders who demand timely and comprehensive financial statements. However, the public sector has distinct requirements and expectations. Due to this unique posture, the public sector requires different standards and frameworks for accounting. The International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) sets standards for the public sector in the international community. And these standards are applicable to government agencies and other public sector entities as well as intergovernmental organisations. These standards are known as International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). The aim of this paper is to examine the framework for such standards and how they operate. The paper would examine the important framework and systems for the creation and the operation of IPSASs. It would include a critical review of IPSASB and how they operate as well as their scope. The main objective of the IPSAS is to improve the quality of financial reporting by public sector entities (Jorge, 2008). This is to provide a framework for the provision of periodic reports by these entities that exhibit transparency and accountability (Muller-Marques, 2010). IPSAS is a major set of standards that tries to provide the rules and definitive guidance for the creation of financial statements for these public oriented companies around the world. The main reason why a different set of accounting reporting rules are needed for the public sector is that they have a welfare oriented system which is in contrast with the profit-orientation of the private sector. Hence, there is the need to create a system of rules for the public sector. The main scope of the IPSAS is to provide guidelines for central and decentralised

E-commerce Service Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-commerce Service - Research Paper Example Beyond the real world, the Internet has created the new world called as a sixth continent or virtual network. In business, e-commerce has made prosperous circulation system. E-commerce has enabled to achieve the fast, reliable and better economic results as compared to traditional business. E-commerce permeates the every profile including media, logistics, finance, enterprises, governments and traditional agriculture.The aim of this paper is to see the changes brought by the adoption of E-commerce for enterprises. What advantages and disadvantages have been produced from E-commerce to business? What are factors involved in buying the attention of customers from E-commerce as well as traditional buying?E-commerce has commonly used the term in the era of the Internet age. E-commerce simply means the putting up the website for service and product information along with the email contacts from where customers can place an order for buying the products. E-commerce is a system to conduct t he business activities via the usage of internet and related technologies. This internet usage refers to a computer network to conduct the business. In also includes the selling and buying online, transferring the electronic funds, business communication and associated activities with the selling and buying of services and goods online (Qin et al., 2014). Business to Consumers (B2C) as a category of e-commerce deals with the direct business between the business companies and consumers.

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Psychology - Essay Example They used many processed foods, which are high in calories and high in fat content (Mela, 2005). In addition, the accessibility and cheap prices of being able to buy these kinds of foods especially targets the middle and lower socioeconomic classes. This in turn can be related to the psychological component of stress and coping. Stress is when a person’s perceived demands outweigh their perceived coping resources. The way in which a person deals with the stress is referred to as coping, which can be split into maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies. Overeating and eating unhealthily are maladaptive ways of coping with stress. This can be induced by a wide variety of social and environmental factors. This overeating can lead to a variety of self-esteem issues and clinical disorders (Brannon, & Feist, 2010). Self-esteem is the appraisal of one’s self-worth. This is extremely important in the way in which an individual functions in society. In a society where perfectio n is a must, those that fall outside the norm, such as in weight, are often looked down upon in society. Increased advertising in weight loss programs and exercise programs adds to the stress of being overweight.

Why are walls important?

Why are walls important? Why are walls important? Walls are very important parts of buildings, they have several useful functions: * Protect us from dangerous animals and people * Provide shelter from elements such as wind and rain * Makes a ‘secure home * Bears the loads of the roofs, floors and furniture Block work Standard blocks are 6 times larger than standard bricks, this means that bricklayers can build the wall more quickly, therefore taking less time and reducing labouring costs. For the walls, the external walls will be cavity walls made from aerated concrete blocks and the internal walls will be made from dense concrete blocks. The reasons for these choices will be explained further on. What are and Aerated Concrete blocks and why I have chosen Duncan Marshall (2008) says that; Aerated blocks consist of water, cement, pulverised fuel ash, sand and lime. Aerated concrete blocks are very versatile as they can be used in many different parts of the building, such as party and solid walls, cavity walls (internal and external leaves) and foundations. We will be using Celcon aerated concrete blocks, which are BBA certified (British Board of Agrà ©ment, which is the UKs major authority offering approval of construction products). Sizes (in mm): 215 125 440 Reasons for using Aerated blocks for the inner and outer leaf: * Good thermal insulation (Thermal conductivity is 0.15W/mK, Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to transmit heat, the lower the value the better) * Easy to handle for labourers/bricklayers, as theyre relatively lightweight and can be cut and chased * Closed cell structure means they have good water penetration resistance * Good fire protection Class O surface spread of flame (the best rating) * Non combustible * Relatively strong (Strength 3.6 N/mm ²) What are Dense Concrete blocks and Why I have chosen them? Dense concrete blocks consist of cement, aggregate (fine and coarse). We will be using Celcon Hi (7) Strength blocks. Sizes (in mm): 215 150 440 Reasons for using dense concrete blocks for the internal walls (party/solid walls): * Very strong (7.3N/ mm ²) * They provide a good surface for most renders and plasters * Good sound protection This is an illustration of a building regulation (part A) for the compressive strength needed of walls. For the external walls it will be a cavity wall comprising of aerated concrete blocks (7.2N/mm2), and the inner walls will be a solid wall of dense concrete blocks (7.3N/mm2). Height of wall Length Minimum thickness Not exceeding 3.5m Up to 12m 190mm for whole height Exceeding 3.5m but not 9m Not exceeding 9m 190mm for whole height 9m 12m 290mm from base for 1 storey and 190mm for remaining height Exceeding 9m but not 12m Not exceeding 9m 290mm from base for height of 1 storey and 190mm for rest of height Exceeding 9m but not 12m 290mm from base for the height of 2 storeys and 190mm for rest of height This is a table from the building regulations (Part A) about the thickness of walls. For our design, the internal and external walls both exceed 290mm, therefore the walls will have the correct thickness. Mortar Mortar is needed to bond the blocks together to provide stability for the wall, therefore building. It also seals gaps between the blocks to prevent water getting through the gaps when it rains. Blocks (aerated and dense) Duncan Marshall (2008) recommends our buildings will have a mortar ratio of 1:1:6 (cement: lime: sand). The reason for having a low amount of cement (cement provides the strength) compared to the sand (sand gives volume), is that making the mortar not that strong is so that it doesnt limit movement and will cause cracks in the joints rather than the concrete blocks. This mixture is recommended by a professional concrete company, therefore it wont be too weak, as then the mortar will fail. Jointing/pointing bucket_handle.gifAll of the buildings will have the bucket handle design. This is because Duncan Marshall (2008) says it helps seal the joint, also it compresses the mortar slightly and the shape improves resistance to water penetration. Walls Quoins Out of these three different types of bonding block work we will use 5 (reveal quoin), because its the most simple bond, therefore easier for bricklayers to build the wall, and reducing the likelihood of errors occurring. Also 3 bonding will be used if needed to keep the whole wall to the correct dimension. Cavity Walls For all our cavity walls in our buildings, they will be partial fill cavity walls. Kingspan Insulation says; one of its main advantages is that it prevents rain getting to the inner leaf, which would cause dampness in the walls, therefore weakening the walls. One disadvantage with partial fill cavity walls happens in the physical construction of the wall takes place, if the walls arent sealed completely, airflow in the wall leads to an enormous amount of heat loss within the wall (shown by red areas in 2). This can be caused by dirty ties and mortar snots, which are pieces of mortar which have dropped into the cavity, and cause moisture. 125 75 20 125 20 Block Cavity Insulation Plasterboard 365mm F . Cavity Walls Wall ties Duncan Marshall (2008) says; as we are having a partial fill cavity we have to use this special tie with plastic retainer. In the 2004 Regulations (Approved Document A) there is a requirement to use stainless steel ties. Building regulations says the tie should be bedded at least 50mm in each leaf. In terms of the tie angle, it should be slightly sloped toward the outside leaf; otherwise the other leaf will get damp. Cavity Walls Movement joints The materials that make up a wall will expand and contract because of reasons such as temperature and moisture content. Because concrete blocks are made of cement, they will shrink slightly. Therefore, the big sections of wall need to be shortened to accommodate for the movement, if movement joints are placed correctly, this will prevent the wall from cracking. Duncan Marshall (2008) says that the movement joints of internal concrete block walls should have movement joints approx every 6 metres, but the 1st joint should only be 3 metres away from a corner or bend in the wall. We will incorporate this into our designs. Cavity Walls- Jambs The blue line is the window Damp proof course prevents water penetration from the jamb of the window frame Cavity Walls Lintels Duncan Marshall (2008) say that the lintels carry the distributed load of brickwork across the top of the window frame. Lintels can be up to lengths of 4500mm and when constructed should have at least 150mm bearing on the wall either side. Lintel with insulation to prevent cold bridging, cold bridging happens when heat is lost from the inside of the building to the outside because the material (this case the lintel) is the ‘bridge for the heat loss. When the insulation is there, it has a higher thermal conductivity than the lintel (galvanised steel), so the heat ‘bridges to the insulation and not outside the building. 10 This is very important concept of insulation, that also applies to cavity and solid walls where insulation is used. Insulation External Walls Insulation boards are used to keep the heat within a room/building so that the living/working conditions are favourable. We will have WT20 insulation boards (size is 1200x600x20mm) from warmtiles.co.uk Board Sizes Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) Resistance (k-value) U-value (W/m ²K) Weight (kgs) 1200 x 600 x 20 mm 0.029 0.69 1.45 0.45 The U value is the amount of heat which will flow through 1 square metre of a wall for every degree in temperature difference between the inside and outside. Resistance is the resistance to heat flow of a material of a given thickness. Now I can calculate the U-value for the walls. U value for cavity walls (Thickness/Thermal Conductivity = Resistance) This transitions into weep holes; weep holes allow the water to exit the cavity. As we are only using blocks, we will use plastic weep holes that are placed every 450 mm. Weep holes, damp proof courses and the bucket handle mortar are excellent parts of the wall that allow it to prevent water penetration. Cavity Walls-Sills Cavity Walls joining cavity walls to internal walls This is how we will join the inner leaf to the internal walls, also where two internal walls (could be party walls) join, it will be toothed in. Walls Door and Window frames (Openings) The building regulation below specifies the sum of openings (w1+w2) shouldnt be more than 2/3 ‘L. Opening heights should be less than 2.1m, and the width less than 3m. This ensures the wall is not weakened significantly under compression by openings. We used this formula for a standard room (not disabled). Length of whole wall Door sizes Thickness= 40mm 2040 mm 826mm Windows A very common part of walls, and obligatory for accommodation buildings are windows. Window sizes (British Standard: 2003) 1050 mm 1800 mm *Purple segments are windows that open (white arrows indicate what direction they open), orange segments are fixed. This type of window is called ‘Left-hand multi light. Sound Control One of the functions of the walls is to control the airborne sounds, such as aeroplanes and cars travelling outside of the building. The internal walls will be made out of dense concrete blocks, as this provides good sound protection. Celcon aerated blocks also have just as good of a level of sound protection. Osbourn and Greeno (2007), say the Sound reduction index (SRI) is a way of measuring the effectiveness of construction insulating airborne sound. We will have a block cavity wall which is plastered, this has a SRI number of 49, and 150 mm dense concrete walls which have a SRI number of about 46. These are relatively acceptable SRI values to be used in construction. Finishes There are different finishes you can have for aerated concrete blocks; plastered, rendered and painted. For the outside of the external walls we will render the walls (10mm wide). For internal walls (dense concrete blocks) we will have plaster boards (20mm wide). Cement Rendering After the mortar and blocks are bonded, render will be applied. For our design we are using aerated concrete blocks for the external walls, therefore we should not use strong renders (Duncan Marshall, 2008), because when the dense mix shrinks, it will go past the limit of stress that the blocks can handle, therefore cracking will occur. Our building will have a very similar aesthetic appearance to this building (right), except for the colour. References David Littlefield, et al., 2008, Metric handbook, 3rd Edition, Duncan Marshall ,2008, Construction Website 0809 (unframed construction) http://learn.lboro.ac.uk/file.php/1183/UWE08/index.htm Dereck Osbourn and Roger Greeno, Mitchells Introduction to Building 4th Edition Julian McKenzie (Lectures) Sizes of concrete blocks http://www.sigexpress.co.uk/Aerated-Concrete-Blocks/Celcon-100mm-Standard-Block.htm Partial Fill Cavity Walls http://www.insulateonline.com/index1.htm?walls2.htm~main Insulation Boards http://www.warmtiles.co.uk/category.php?id_category=17 Analytical Essay: The Teaching Of Speaking Analytical Essay: The Teaching Of Speaking The theme of the research paper is The Teaching of Speaking. For the teacher it is very essential to know how to teach speaking foreign language correctly and to be able to do that. That is why there are several methods and manners how to give the knowledge in an easier manner to the students. The aim: To investigate what methods are used to teach speaking are used mostly and find out as many as possible teaching speaking methods. The enabling objectives: to find out and study theory on the teaching of speaking(mention the theme) to collect and summarize the gained data to draw conclusions The research question: Which methods are used to improve teaching the teaching of speaking? The methods of research: analysis of the theoretical material case study The tools of research and data collection: analysis of the teaching of speaking methods 1.THE TEACHING OF SPEAKING What is speaking? In fact, speaking is an action carrying out the information or expressing feelings and emotions, persons thoughts in spoken language. Speaking is also the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts (Chaney, 1998, p. 13). By the teaching of speaking is meant to produce the English speech sounds and sound patterns, use word and sentence stress, intonation patterns and the rhythm of the language, select appropriate words and sentences according to the proper social setting, audience, situation and subject matter, organize their thoughts in a meaningful and logical sequence and use language as a means of expressing values and judgments (Online 2). 1.1Strategies for Developing Speaking Skills According to the internet source, students often think that the ability to speak a language is the product of language learning, but speaking is also an important part of the language learning process. Effective instructors teach students speaking strategies using minimal responses, recognizing scripts, and using language to talk about language (Online 1). These strategies can help students to enlarge their knowledge of language. If the students are confident in speaking, it would be more easier to receive the other information while learning. 1.1.1Using minimal responses Language learners who are not confident about their ability to participate successfully in oral disscussions often listen in silence while others do the talking. One way to encourage such learners to begin to participate is to help them build up a stock of minimal responses that they can use in different types of exchanges. Such responses can be especially useful for beginners (Online 1). Minimal responses are predictable, often idiomatic phrases that conversation participants use to indicate understanding, agreement, doubt, and other responses to what another speaker is saying. Having a stock of such responses enables a learner to focus on what the other participant is saying, without having to simultaneously plan a response (Online 1). 1.1.2Recognizing scripts Some communication situations are associated with a predictable set of spoken exchanges a script. Greetings, apologies, compliments, invitations, and other functions that are influenced by social and cultural norms often follow patterns or scripts. So do the transactional exchanges involved in activities such as obtaining information and making a purchase. In these scripts, the relationship between a speakers turn and the one that follows it can often be anticipated. Instructors can help students develop speaking ability by making them aware of the scripts for different situations so that they can predict what they will hear and what they will need to say in response. Through interactive activities, instructors can give students practice in managing and varying the language that different scripts contain. 1.1.3Using language to talk about language Language learners are often too embarrassed or shy to say anything when they do not understand another speaker or when they realize that a conversation partner has not understood them. Instructors can help students overcome this reticence by assuring them that misunderstanding and the need for clarification can occur in any type of interaction, whatever the participants language skill levels. Instructors can also give students strategies and phrases to use for clarification and comprehension check. By encouraging students to use clarification phrases in class when misunderstanding occurs, and by responding positively when they do, instructors can create an authentic practice environment within the classroom itself. As they develop control of various clarification strategies, students will gain confidence in their ability to manage the various communication situations that they may encounter outside the classroom. 1.2How to teach speaking According to the given internet sources, now many linguists and teachers consider that students can improve their communication and speaking skills working into groups together with other students and playing real-life situations in the target language. To achieve the goal of speaking well, the students need to improve their language fluency (speaking smoothly), pronunciation (saying words properly) and enunciation (saying words and phrases clearly) (Online 4). Fluency comes from practice. Every English speaking person cannot improve speaking smoothly in some two months, it comes after longer time. T o get to the aim, there should be made speech of long, complicated sentences. For example, to build more fluent speech, a helper could be discussions, presentations, role plays, negations, debates, interviews and meetings. Pronunciation is the ability to say words properly with the correct sounds in the correct places (Online 4). To make words sound correctly, it can take very long time to develop the pronunciation. As suggested in the internet source, the student should focus on working on specific vowels, trouble consonants, and working on understanding movement and location of mouth and tongue when making sounds (Online 4). In phonetics, enunciation is the act of speaking. Good enunciation is the act of speaking clearly and concisely (Online 5). If the enunciation of the speech is pure, others will not be able to understand speakers speech. To avoid misunderstandings in the communication towards others, according to the internet sources, the student should pay attention to trouble word combinations, reductions, sentence and word level stress points and sentence level intonation patterns. 2.WHICH TEACHING METHODS ARE MORE PREFERABLE FOR STUDENTS THEMSELVES If there were a questionnaire, the aim of it would be to clear up which of the teaching methods are more understandable and useful for the students themselves. No one can answer to this question more precise and honestly as the students. CONCLUSIONS The teaching of speaking means that the teacher gives the knowledge to the student how to communicate with others, to produce sounds, words correctly and clearly, to use precisely intonation patterns, to choose appropriate themes which to speak to the proper social setting and audience. There are a lot of teaching methods which can be used in the teaching process, but, in my opinion, more preferable methods are those who are easier and understandable for the students. For instance, to make your speech more fluent and clearer, it can be enough to read articles with complicated vocabulary and sentence structure aloud every day. Rounding up, if the teacher is teaching in a simple manner and understandable for students. THESIS Speaking is an action carrying out the information or expressing feelings and emotions, persons thoughts in spoken language. Many linguists and teachers consider that students can improve their communication and speaking skills working into groups together with other students and playing real-life situations in the target language. To build more fluent speech, a helper could be discussions, presentations, role plays, negations, debates, interviews and meetings. Fluency comes from practice. Every English speaking person cannot improve speaking smoothly in some two months, it comes after longer time. Effective instructors teach students speaking strategies using minimal responses, recognizing scripts, and using language to talk about language.

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay -- essays research papers fc

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Sir Gawain Faces Temptation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sir Gawain was known as a noble and honest man who was willing to stare death in the face to protect King Arthur. However, the courtly Sir Gawain is submitted to the unexpected—not to the test he expects, but to one he does not expect (qtd. in Spearing). The underlying theme throughout the entire poem is temptation, which, is Sir Gawain’s greatest challenge because he is not aware of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He faltered not nor feared   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But quickly went his way,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His road was rough and weird,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Or so the stories say. (qtd. Stone 47)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sir Gawain stands up just as the Green Knight challenges King Arthur. Gawain saves his uncle from the humiliation the Green Knight imposes on the King from his badgering; for this Gawain is very brave. He has no fear in approaching the Green Knight and accepting the game. Sir Gawain was a man who was held in high esteem before the people at Camelot. Thus, he was given the title Sir Gawain, which sealed his noble existence. A knight is a man who, for some achievement, is given honorary rank and thus entitling him to use Sir before his given name (qtd. in Webster’s pg. 747). Berry 2 King Arthur was a very honorable man, one with boyish spirits and youthful persona. The King also displays his humble nature when at the table, he refused to begin eating before any of his guests. However, when the Green Knight confronts him he does not cower before him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He raged as roaring gale;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His followers felt the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The King, not one to quail,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To that cavalier then came.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Green Knight was described as a handsome, muscular man. Because every article of clothing the Green Knight wore was green, including his skin and hair, he is reminiscent of a fertility god. This idea of a fertility god plays a role when introducing the theme of temptation on the behalf of the Lord’s wife... ... of his fault must itself be viewed with amusement, as part of his human fallibility.† (Borroff, Introduction) He expects (and we expect with him when we first read the poem) that the real test he has to nerve himself for is meeting the Green Knight at the Green Chapel and receiving a presumably mortal blow from his axe. But when, after a tremendous effort of will, he does bring himself to face the Green Knight and accept the blow, it turns out that this is not the test itself. This test is only the symbol of a previous test which was carried out by the Green Knight’s wife, and which Gawain has already failed, marked by the girdle he accepted as a gift.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Berry 5 Works Cited Abrahms, M.H. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1993. Borroff, Marie. Sir Gawain and The Green Knight: A New Verse Translation. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1967. Spearing, A.C.. â€Å"Patience and the Gawain-Poet.† Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Ed. F. Denton. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Stone, Brian. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New York: Penguin Group. 1959.

LP6.2 Lien v. Lien Essay

A. What type of business entity did Pete Lien & Sons, Inc. , operate when it was originally founded in 1944?. Pete Lien & Sons, Inc. operated a partnership when the business was originally founded in 1944. B. Who were the original three partners of Pete Lien & Sons, Inc. , when it was founded? The original partners were Bruce Lien, his brother Charles Lien, and their father Pete Lien Sr. C. When Pete Lien & Sons, Inc. , incorporated in 1952, the partners became ___________ of the corporation. When Pete Lien & Sons, Inc. , in 1952, the partners became equal shareholders of the corporation. D. How many people served on the corporation’s board of directors at the time of the lawsuit? At the time of the lawsuit, seven people served on the corporation’s board of directors. E. At the time of the litigation, who owned the majority of stock in the corporation and received more income and dividends than any other shareholder? Bruce Lien owned the majority of stock in the corporation and received more income and dividend than the other shareholders. F. What allegations did Bruce Lien assert his complaint in the civil action that he brought against the corporation and the other members of the board of directors in April 2000? Bruce Lien alleged minority shareholder oppression, breach of fiduciary duty and tortuous interference with prospective business relations or expectancy. G. Under what South Dakota statute did the trial court find that there was a shareholder deadlock in failing to elect directors? (example: (SDCL __-__-__) Under SDCL 47-7-34(3) That the shareholders are deadlocked in voting power, and have failed, for a period which included at least two consecutive annual meeting dates, to elect successors to directors whose terms have expired or would have expired upon the election of their successors H. What did the trial court determine to be the most equitable manner of breaking the deadlock? The trial court determined the most equitable manner of breaking the deadlock was a blind auction between Bruce and all the other shareholders for the sale of the corporation. I. When the trial court’s decision was appealed, did the South Dakota Supreme Court, agree that a deadlock existed? No, the Supreme Court did not agree a deadlock existed and reversed the trial court’s rulings. The Supreme Court stated, there was no showing that the shareholders were deadlocked in voting power because of Bruce’s refusal to attend the meeting and participate in the voting for new directors.

Beware the shifting tense

Beware the shifting tense Beware the shifting tense Beware the shifting tense By Erin Many writers, students and professionals alike, struggle with the problem of tense shifting. Your writing will be easier to follow if youre sure to keep your tense consistent. A verbs tense lets the reader know when the action is taking place. Is it in the past (ran), present (run), or future (will run)? Since most of the problems occur in the past and present, well leave future tense out of the conversation for now. In academic writing, the general rule is to use present tense when citing published sources. For example, In her book The Artist’s way, author Julia Cameron writes that†¦. The signal phrase â€Å"author Julia Cameron writes† lets the reader know that information from an outside source is being used. Signal phrases should have present tense verbs. Most fiction and other narrative writing takes place in the past tense. A narrator is telling a story as it happened. Sometimes, though, a writer will accidentally slip into present tense without realizing it: I walked down to the edge of the water and dipped my toe in. Suddenly, out of nowhere, Jason grabs my arm and pushes me in the pool! In the second sentence, the author has slipped from past tense (walked/dipped) into present (grabs/pushes). Most of us do this in casual conversation all the time, so its important to be aware of it when were writing. Sometimes, a writer will choose to tell an entire story in the present tense for a sense of immediacy. In any case, its important to stick to the tense youve started with. Any necessary tense changes should have a clear purpose, and should be done smoothly. Otherwise, your reader will be unnecessarily distracted. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

Words Used to Describe Food

Words Used to Describe Food The words below are some of the most important used to talk about how food tastes, the condition it is in, and how we cook. Practice the sentences and learn how to talk about your food.   Food Condition fresh - Sushi always requires fresh fish.off - Im afraid this cheese tastes off.raw - Sushi is made from raw fish as well as vegetables, seaweed, and rice.  ripe - Make sure the bananas are ripe so I can use them in the cake.rotten - This meat smells rotten. I think we should throw it away.tough - The steak was very tough. I could hardly chew it!tender - The lamb was so tender that it seemed to melt in my mouth.undercooked - The undercooked salmon was very poor.unripe - Many types of fruit are picked unripe and become ripe as they are shipped.overcooked - The broccoli was overcooked. It should have been crisper.   Food Verbs bake - Ill bake a cake for her birthday party.boil - You should boil these potatoes for forty-five minutes.cook - What would you like me to cook for dinner?fry - I usually fry some eggs and bacon on Saturday mornings.grill - During the summer I like to grill meat outside.heat - Heat up the soup and make some sandwiches.microwave - Microwave the macaroni for three minutes and eat.poach - Jennifer prefers to poach her eggs.roast - Lets put this in the oven and roast for two hours.steam - The best way to cook many vegetables is to steam them for a few minutes. Food Quantities bar - Melt one bar of butter for the sauce.liter - Ill put a liter of water on to boil for the pasta.loaf - I bought three loaves of bread at the supermarket.  lump - Put of a lump of butter on top of the casserole to make it tasty.piece - Would you like a piece of chicken?pint - I drank a pint of ale at the pub.portion - Have you eaten your portion of vegetables today?slice - Please put three slices of cheese on my sandwich.spoonful - Add two spoonfuls of sugar to sweeten. Food Taste bitter - The almonds were very bitter. I could hardly eat the cookies.bland - This sauce is very bland. It doesnt taste like anything.creamy - I enjoy eating creamy tomato soup on cold winter days.crisp - The apple was crisp and delicious.  crunchy - Granola is a very crunch type of breakfast cereal.hot - The soup is hot. Let it cool down.mild - The spices are very mild.  salty - The sauce was much too salty. I think you should add some water and boil it down.savory - Savory crackers with cheese make a great snack.  sour - Lemons are very sour!spicy - Greg enjoys eating spicy Mexican food.  sweet - The cherry pie wasnt too sweet. It was just right.  tasteless - The vegetables have been cooked for too long. Theyre tasteless. Food Types barbecue - Do you enjoy barbecue during the summer?buffet - We went to an Indian buffet and had all we could eat.four-course meal - My wife and I enjoy making four-course meals on special occasions.picnic - Lets take a picnic to the park and enjoy the good weather.snack - You should eat a snack at four, but dont eat too much.TV dinner - TV dinners are disgusting but fast. Eating and Drinking bite - Dont bite off more meat than you can comfortably chew.chew - You should chew each bite well before you swallow.swallow - If you swallow too much you might choke on your food.sip - Its best to slowly sip a cocktail rather than gulp it down.guzzle - He guzzled a glass of water after he finished the job.gulp down - He hungrily gulped down the meal as he was very hungry. Preparing Drinks add - Add two shots of whiskey and some rum.fill - Fill the glass with ice.mix - Mix in a teaspoon of sugar.pour - Pour your drink over ice cubes.  shake - Shake the drink well and pour into a glass.stir - Stir the ingredients well and enjoy with your favorite seafood.   If you know all of these words, try the advanced level food vocabulary page to really expand your vocabulary. Teachers can use this lesson about food to help students plan a meal of their own.

Professional portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Professional portfolio - Essay Example To the contrary, I consider my service a priceless gift to people who need it. Diligence in delivery of care, advocacy, and awareness are my fundamental principles into practice. As an advocate, I strive to learn health care needs for better quality of health and collaborate with professionals from other fields to identify possible strategies for meeting the needs. I then strive to influence policy changes at different levels of the health care sector such as at facility level and local government levels. I also participate in research for efficient and effective prevention and management of diseases through direct delivery of care and through community empowerment towards self-care. I have worked as an emergency room nurse for 12 years, an experience that has exposed me to the need for sacrifice for patients’ lives. I am currently a clinical coordinator in liver transplant where experience motivates my nursing values. My priority growth areas are policy development, leadership, and scientific research because of their significance to generation of contemporary knowledge and strategies and mobilization of resources towards policies and policy implementation. Developing and implementing SMART goals is my plan for improving my leadership, research, and policy development potentials (Powers, 2013). My goal on leadership development is to be competent in transformational and charismatic leadership styles. These are important to my advocacy and leadership in policy development that are collaborative initiatives. I plan to attend trainings and workshops o leadership and to seek mentorship from distinguished leaders. A six-month period, beginning from next month, will be dedicated to the goal that I will evaluate monthly using online assessment tests and observation on successful leadership based on the two styles. I currently have knowledge and experience in research but improvements are necessary. I plan to attend part time classes on statistics and research

Tom Bradley Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tom Bradley - Research Paper Example At some point the family went on public assistance. His parents divorced and Tom’s mother was working hard to raise five children by herself. Bradley entered Polytechnic High School, because he was a very good athlete. This school was mostly white. However, he became the first black president of the Poly Boy’s League. He also became a record-breaking track team captain and a star in the quarter-mile and long jump. Winning the athletic championship gave Tom admission to UCLA. While there, he had many jobs, one of which was as a photographer for comedian Jimmy Durante. During his junior year in college, Bradley took an exam to join the Los Angeles Police Department. His grade was excellent and entered the department academy in 1940. He served as Police Officer in Los Angeles for 21 years. When he first started working in the police department, there were only 100 black people among 4,000 officers. Blacks could never work with a white officer. They could only serve a black community or work traffic downtown. By the time Bradley retired in 1961, he reached the rank of Lieutenant. That was the highest position black officer could achieve at that time. Because of the racism, Bradley could not advance in this carrier any more. So instead, he attended Southwestern Law School and became an attorney. He took interest in politics when he still was a police officer. In 1963, he got elected to the Los Angeles City Council. He became one of three African American men elected that year. That was the first time black people were in the City Council. On the council, he was closely overseeing the Police Department and working to overcome racial strives. In the mid 1950s - 1960s, there was a strong race discrimination. There were restaurants and shops that would not serve black people; they would be refused to enter hotels etc. In 1961, this conservatism led to the election of Sam Yorty as Mayor of Los Angeles. Then the society climate started to change. There was a wave of riots and large-scale unrests throughout the country. The nation needed a change. To mention some events of 1968: a number of anti-Vietnam war demonstrations increased; within months of each other Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the candidate for President Robert Kennedy were assassinated; over 20,000 students in five East LA schools walked out as a sign of protest against racial inequality. At this time Tom Bradley decided to run for mayoral elections. African Americans were a minority of the population, so for Bradley to win he would have to create a multi-racial coalition. There were many candidates for mayor position to start with; however, the final race entered only Bradley and Yorty. After long and less then honorable electoral campaign the voters elected Yorty for his next term. Bradley took his time to prepare for the next elections, four years later, which he won and became first African American mayor of Los Angeles. He made a history by that. It attracted n ational and international attention. His success came as a result of continuous building of his extraordinary trans-racial coalition, and proved that it is possible for black voters and white voters to unite. His election also set a stage to other similar campaigns nationwide. There are many changes Mayor Tom Bradley brought to the city. His first term started during an energy crisis. To help his city he came up with curtailment program, and it was so successful that it was implemented in